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Advanced Biology Practice Tests

These Grade 12 Science practice tests develop Advanced Biology skills through questions on cells, molecules, genetics, evolution, ecology, physiology, and experimental design.

Skills covered

  • Explaining ATP, enzymes, membranes, osmosis, organelles, gene expression, cell-cycle regulation, and homeostasis
  • Analyzing inheritance, DNA replication, mutation, PCR, gel electrophoresis, gene editing, epigenetics, and pedigrees
  • Applying natural selection, genetic drift, speciation, common ancestry, population models, energy flow, cycles, symbiosis, and biodiversity
  • Connecting nervous, endocrine, immune, renal, respiratory, circulatory, and muscular systems to physiological regulation
  • Evaluating controls, variables, replication, statistics, correlation, sample size, graphs, ethics, limitations, and conclusions

How to use these practice tests

Identify the biological process, then connect the structure, mechanism, and outcome. For data questions, distinguish what the evidence supports from claims that require additional experiments.

For more Grade 12 Science practice, return to the Grade 12 Science category.

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Grade 12 Advanced Biology Practice Tests

Practice Grade 12 Science questions about cell biology, molecular biology, genetics, evolution, ecology, physiology, and experimental design.

Choose the best answer. Apply the biological principle, connect structure to function, and interpret evidence without extending conclusions beyond the data.

10 Questions
0/10 Questions0 %
Correct 0
Incorrect 0
Unanswered 10
1. QuestionMultiple choice

What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: A

The correct answer is Genotype is genetic information, while phenotype is the observable result of genes and environment.

  1. Identify the biology concept: Determine whether the question concerns cells, molecules, genetics, evolution, ecology, physiology, or experimental design.
  2. Apply the biological principle: Phenotype reflects genetic instructions as expressed in particular environmental conditions.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is Genotype is genetic information, while phenotype is the observable result of genes and environment.

Phenotype reflects genetic instructions as expressed in particular environmental conditions.

2. QuestionMultiple choice

What does Mendel’s law of segregation state?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: B

The correct answer is The two alleles for a gene separate during gamete formation.

  1. Identify the biology concept: Determine whether the question concerns cells, molecules, genetics, evolution, ecology, physiology, or experimental design.
  2. Apply the biological principle: During meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate so each gamete receives one allele of a gene pair.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is The two alleles for a gene separate during gamete formation.

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes separate so each gamete receives one allele of a gene pair.

3. QuestionMultiple choice

What is independent assortment?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: C

The correct answer is Allele pairs for different genes can separate independently when genes are not linked.

  1. Identify the biology concept: Determine whether the question concerns cells, molecules, genetics, evolution, ecology, physiology, or experimental design.
  2. Apply the biological principle: The orientation of homologous chromosome pairs can vary during meiosis, creating different allele combinations.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is Allele pairs for different genes can separate independently when genes are not linked.

The orientation of homologous chromosome pairs can vary during meiosis, creating different allele combinations.

4. QuestionMultiple choice

Why is DNA replication called semiconservative?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: D

The correct answer is Each daughter DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

  1. Identify the biology concept: Determine whether the question concerns cells, molecules, genetics, evolution, ecology, physiology, or experimental design.
  2. Apply the biological principle: Complementary base pairing allows each original strand to guide synthesis of a new partner strand.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is Each daughter DNA molecule contains one original strand and one newly synthesized strand.

Complementary base pairing allows each original strand to guide synthesis of a new partner strand.

5. QuestionMultiple choice

What is a mutation?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: A

The correct answer is A change in the nucleotide sequence of genetic material.

  1. Identify the biology concept: Determine whether the question concerns cells, molecules, genetics, evolution, ecology, physiology, or experimental design.
  2. Apply the biological principle: Mutations can result from replication errors or environmental factors and may have harmful, neutral, or beneficial effects.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is A change in the nucleotide sequence of genetic material.

Mutations can result from replication errors or environmental factors and may have harmful, neutral, or beneficial effects.

6. QuestionMultiple choice

What does PCR allow researchers to do?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: B

The correct answer is Amplify a selected DNA sequence.

  1. Identify the biology concept: Determine whether the question concerns cells, molecules, genetics, evolution, ecology, physiology, or experimental design.
  2. Apply the biological principle: Polymerase chain reaction uses repeated cycles of copying to produce many copies of a target DNA region.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is Amplify a selected DNA sequence.

Polymerase chain reaction uses repeated cycles of copying to produce many copies of a target DNA region.

7. QuestionMultiple choice

What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in DNA analysis?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: C

The correct answer is To separate DNA fragments primarily by size.

  1. Identify the biology concept: Determine whether the question concerns cells, molecules, genetics, evolution, ecology, physiology, or experimental design.
  2. Apply the biological principle: An electric field moves negatively charged DNA through a gel, with smaller fragments generally traveling farther.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is To separate DNA fragments primarily by size.

An electric field moves negatively charged DNA through a gel, with smaller fragments generally traveling farther.

8. QuestionMultiple choice

What is the basic idea of CRISPR-based gene editing?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: D

The correct answer is A guide sequence directs a molecular tool to a chosen DNA target for modification.

  1. Identify the biology concept: Determine whether the question concerns cells, molecules, genetics, evolution, ecology, physiology, or experimental design.
  2. Apply the biological principle: A guide RNA can help direct a nuclease to a complementary DNA sequence where a cut and repair can alter the genome.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is A guide sequence directs a molecular tool to a chosen DNA target for modification.

A guide RNA can help direct a nuclease to a complementary DNA sequence where a cut and repair can alter the genome.

9. QuestionMultiple choice

What is epigenetic regulation?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: A

The correct answer is Changing gene expression without changing the DNA nucleotide sequence.

  1. Identify the biology concept: Determine whether the question concerns cells, molecules, genetics, evolution, ecology, physiology, or experimental design.
  2. Apply the biological principle: Mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification can affect whether genes are accessible for transcription.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is Changing gene expression without changing the DNA nucleotide sequence.

Mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification can affect whether genes are accessible for transcription.

10. QuestionMultiple choice

What can a pedigree help determine?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: B

The correct answer is How a trait may be inherited across generations.

  1. Identify the biology concept: Determine whether the question concerns cells, molecules, genetics, evolution, ecology, physiology, or experimental design.
  2. Apply the biological principle: Pedigrees show family relationships and trait patterns that can suggest inheritance modes.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is How a trait may be inherited across generations.

Pedigrees show family relationships and trait patterns that can suggest inheritance modes.

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