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Anatomy and Physiology Practice Tests

These Grade 12 Science practice tests develop Anatomy and Physiology skills through body organization, tissues, homeostasis, movement, nervous and endocrine control, cardiovascular and respiratory function, digestion, excretion, immunity, and reproduction.

Skills covered

  • Using anatomical position, homeostasis, tissue types, organs, cell membranes, mitosis, mitochondria, and DNA concepts
  • Explaining bone remodeling, synovial joints, muscle contraction, neuromuscular junctions, skin, thermoregulation, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons
  • Analyzing neurons, membrane potential, synapses, reflexes, central and autonomic nervous systems, hormones, insulin, thyroid regulation, and cortisol feedback
  • Tracing blood flow, cardiac pacing, arteries, capillaries, hemoglobin, ventilation, alveolar exchange, lymphatic function, and antibodies
  • Applying digestion, liver function, nutrient absorption, nephron filtration, ADH, urinary regulation, fertilization, adaptive immunity, and memory

How to use these practice tests

For each question, identify the structure, trace the direction of movement or signaling, and explain how the structure supports the body system's function. Use the solutions to connect anatomy with homeostasis and physiological evidence.

For more Grade 12 Science practice, return to the Grade 12 Science category.

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Grade 12 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Tests

Practice Grade 12 Science questions about anatomical organization, tissues, movement, nervous and endocrine control, circulation, respiration, digestion, excretion, immunity, and reproduction.

Choose the best answer. Connect each structure to its function, follow the direction of flow or signaling, and distinguish regulation, transport, exchange, and defense.

10 Questions
0/10 Questions0 %
Correct 0
Incorrect 0
Unanswered 10
1. QuestionMultiple choice

What is the function of a neuron?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: A

The correct answer is Receiving, processing, and transmitting electrical or chemical signals.

  1. Identify the body system or structure: Determine whether the question concerns anatomical organization, tissues, movement, control, transport, exchange, digestion, excretion, immunity, or reproduction.
  2. Apply the physiological principle: Neurons communicate information through electrical changes and neurotransmitter release.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is Receiving, processing, and transmitting electrical or chemical signals.

Neurons communicate information through electrical changes and neurotransmitter release.

2. QuestionMultiple choice

What is a resting membrane potential?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: B

The correct answer is The voltage difference across a cell membrane when the cell is not conducting an action potential.

  1. Identify the body system or structure: Determine whether the question concerns anatomical organization, tissues, movement, control, transport, exchange, digestion, excretion, immunity, or reproduction.
  2. Apply the physiological principle: Ion gradients and selective membrane permeability create a stable voltage difference in a resting neuron.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is The voltage difference across a cell membrane when the cell is not conducting an action potential.

Ion gradients and selective membrane permeability create a stable voltage difference in a resting neuron.

3. QuestionMultiple choice

What occurs at a chemical synapse?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: C

The correct answer is A presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitter across a small gap.

  1. Identify the body system or structure: Determine whether the question concerns anatomical organization, tissues, movement, control, transport, exchange, digestion, excretion, immunity, or reproduction.
  2. Apply the physiological principle: Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and bind receptors on the postsynaptic cell.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is A presynaptic neuron releases neurotransmitter across a small gap.

Neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft and bind receptors on the postsynaptic cell.

4. QuestionMultiple choice

What is a reflex arc?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: D

The correct answer is A neural pathway that produces a rapid, often involuntary response to a stimulus.

  1. Identify the body system or structure: Determine whether the question concerns anatomical organization, tissues, movement, control, transport, exchange, digestion, excretion, immunity, or reproduction.
  2. Apply the physiological principle: Reflex arcs can be processed through the spinal cord or brainstem before conscious awareness.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is A neural pathway that produces a rapid, often involuntary response to a stimulus.

Reflex arcs can be processed through the spinal cord or brainstem before conscious awareness.

5. QuestionMultiple choice

What structures make up the central nervous system?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: A

The correct answer is The brain and spinal cord.

  1. Identify the body system or structure: Determine whether the question concerns anatomical organization, tissues, movement, control, transport, exchange, digestion, excretion, immunity, or reproduction.
  2. Apply the physiological principle: The central nervous system receives and integrates information through the brain and spinal cord.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is The brain and spinal cord.

The central nervous system receives and integrates information through the brain and spinal cord.

6. QuestionMultiple choice

What is a typical effect of sympathetic nervous system activation?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: B

The correct answer is Increased heart rate and preparation for rapid action.

  1. Identify the body system or structure: Determine whether the question concerns anatomical organization, tissues, movement, control, transport, exchange, digestion, excretion, immunity, or reproduction.
  2. Apply the physiological principle: The sympathetic division supports the fight-or-flight response by redirecting resources toward immediate action.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is Increased heart rate and preparation for rapid action.

The sympathetic division supports the fight-or-flight response by redirecting resources toward immediate action.

7. QuestionMultiple choice

What is a hormone?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: C

The correct answer is A chemical messenger released by endocrine cells into body fluids.

  1. Identify the body system or structure: Determine whether the question concerns anatomical organization, tissues, movement, control, transport, exchange, digestion, excretion, immunity, or reproduction.
  2. Apply the physiological principle: Hormones travel through blood or local fluids and affect target cells with appropriate receptors.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is A chemical messenger released by endocrine cells into body fluids.

Hormones travel through blood or local fluids and affect target cells with appropriate receptors.

8. QuestionMultiple choice

What is insulin's primary effect after blood glucose rises?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: D

The correct answer is It promotes cellular glucose uptake and storage, lowering blood glucose.

  1. Identify the body system or structure: Determine whether the question concerns anatomical organization, tissues, movement, control, transport, exchange, digestion, excretion, immunity, or reproduction.
  2. Apply the physiological principle: Insulin supports glucose use and storage in tissues and is part of blood-glucose homeostasis.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is It promotes cellular glucose uptake and storage, lowering blood glucose.

Insulin supports glucose use and storage in tissues and is part of blood-glucose homeostasis.

9. QuestionMultiple choice

What does the thyroid gland primarily regulate through its hormones?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: A

The correct answer is Metabolic activity and aspects of growth and development.

  1. Identify the body system or structure: Determine whether the question concerns anatomical organization, tissues, movement, control, transport, exchange, digestion, excretion, immunity, or reproduction.
  2. Apply the physiological principle: Thyroid hormones influence cellular metabolic rate and support normal development.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is Metabolic activity and aspects of growth and development.

Thyroid hormones influence cellular metabolic rate and support normal development.

10. QuestionMultiple choice

How does cortisol regulation commonly illustrate negative feedback?

Please select an answer first.

Correct answer: B

The correct answer is Cortisol and its effects inhibit upstream signals that stimulate its release.

  1. Identify the body system or structure: Determine whether the question concerns anatomical organization, tissues, movement, control, transport, exchange, digestion, excretion, immunity, or reproduction.
  2. Apply the physiological principle: The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis is regulated by feedback that limits excessive hormone production.
  3. Connect structure and function: The correct answer is Cortisol and its effects inhibit upstream signals that stimulate its release.

The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis is regulated by feedback that limits excessive hormone production.

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