Correct answer: A

The correct answer is A growing share of the population living and working in cities.

1. Identify the industrial change: Determine which technology, business practice, labor condition, or reform is being described.
2. Connect cause and effect: Factories, transportation, and employment drew people into cities, where population growth created new opportunities and serious problems.
3. Check the historical period: The correct answer is A growing share of the population living and working in cities.

Correct answer: B

The correct answer is A crowded, low-cost urban apartment building often housing working-class families.

1. Identify the industrial change: Determine which technology, business practice, labor condition, or reform is being described.
2. Connect cause and effect: Tenements provided housing near industrial jobs but were frequently overcrowded and lacked safe sanitation.
3. Check the historical period: The correct answer is A crowded, low-cost urban apartment building often housing working-class families.

Correct answer: C

The correct answer is They sought jobs, higher wages, safety, family opportunity, or escape from political and economic hardship.

1. Identify the industrial change: Determine which technology, business practice, labor condition, or reform is being described.
2. Connect cause and effect: Industrial cities attracted immigrants with wage work, even as newcomers faced discrimination, dangerous conditions, and difficult housing.
3. Check the historical period: The correct answer is They sought jobs, higher wages, safety, family opportunity, or escape from political and economic hardship.

Correct answer: D

The correct answer is A preference for native-born residents and opposition to immigrants.

1. Identify the industrial change: Determine which technology, business practice, labor condition, or reform is being described.
2. Connect cause and effect: Nativists often blamed immigrants for economic or cultural change and supported restrictions on immigration and citizenship.
3. Check the historical period: The correct answer is A preference for native-born residents and opposition to immigrants.

Correct answer: A

The correct answer is Children could be paid low wages and were often considered easier to control in repetitive work.

1. Identify the industrial change: Determine which technology, business practice, labor condition, or reform is being described.
2. Connect cause and effect: Poverty and weak regulation contributed to child labor, which reformers later challenged through education and workplace laws.
3. Check the historical period: The correct answer is Children could be paid low wages and were often considered easier to control in repetitive work.

Correct answer: B

The correct answer is To unite a broad range of workers and seek better conditions, shorter hours, and worker cooperation.

1. Identify the industrial change: Determine which technology, business practice, labor condition, or reform is being described.
2. Connect cause and effect: The Knights organized skilled and unskilled workers and promoted an expansive reform agenda, though the organization later declined.
3. Check the historical period: The correct answer is To unite a broad range of workers and seek better conditions, shorter hours, and worker cooperation.

Correct answer: C

The correct answer is It focused mainly on organizing skilled workers around wages, hours, and workplace bargaining.

1. Identify the industrial change: Determine which technology, business practice, labor condition, or reform is being described.
2. Connect cause and effect: The AFL used craft unionism and practical workplace demands, becoming an influential labor organization under Samuel Gompers.
3. Check the historical period: The correct answer is It focused mainly on organizing skilled workers around wages, hours, and workplace bargaining.

Correct answer: D

The correct answer is A collective refusal by workers to work in order to pressure an employer.

1. Identify the industrial change: Determine which technology, business practice, labor condition, or reform is being described.
2. Connect cause and effect: Strikes are a labor tactic used to demand changes in pay, hours, safety, recognition, or other employment conditions.
3. Check the historical period: The correct answer is A collective refusal by workers to work in order to pressure an employer.

Correct answer: A

The correct answer is A labor rally for the eight-hour day ended in violence after a bomb was thrown and police responded.

1. Identify the industrial change: Determine which technology, business practice, labor condition, or reform is being described.
2. Connect cause and effect: The Haymarket affair damaged public opinion about labor radicalism even though the event involved complex evidence and legal controversy.
3. Check the historical period: The correct answer is A labor rally for the eight-hour day ended in violence after a bomb was thrown and police responded.

Correct answer: B

The correct answer is Workers protested wage cuts and company conditions while rents in the company town remained high.

1. Identify the industrial change: Determine which technology, business practice, labor condition, or reform is being described.
2. Connect cause and effect: The 1894 strike spread through railroad networks and was broken by federal intervention after mail transportation was disrupted.
3. Check the historical period: The correct answer is Workers protested wage cuts and company conditions while rents in the company town remained high.